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Lateral-flow P-SERS biosensor for DNA sequence detection. The paper's natural ability to wick fluid is used to guide the sample past the probes. |
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ISR-affiliated Assistant Professor Ian White (BioE) is the recipient of a 2012 National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Award for "Paper-based surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (P-SERS) for biosensing using inkjet-fabricated devices." The five-year award is worth $400,000.
White will develop a method to print sensitive, portable and inexpensive biosensors using ordinary inkjet printers. He will replace a key component used in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), a powerful sensing technique that determines the presence, amount and identity of substances in a sample by the way light from a laser scatters when shined on it. The substrate surface in SERS intensifies the scattered light, allowing the detection of a target substance measurable only in molecules. While this makes SERS a powerful tool, its use has been limited by the difficulty of making the substrates, and the cost and short shelf life of prefabricated ones.
White has previously created SERS substrates by fabricating silver nanoparticle-based chemical sensors on sheets of pure cellulose paper using a modified, $60 inkjet printer. Once the system is set up, no expertise is needed to manufacture it. In the CAREER Award research, White and his team will extend the technique to create paper biosensors with probes made out of peptides and nucleic acids embedded in the cellulose paper matrix. The devices will take advantage of the paper's natural fluidic properties to flow biological samples past the probes.
White is confident P-SERS will have a "transformative" impact on the field of bioanalytics thanks to its combination of low cost, ease of production, and portability.
"Paper-based biosensors are an excellent fit for the diagnosis of epidemic pathogens in developing countries, such as hepatitis, tuberculosis, and HIV," he says. "We're predicting that our printed devices will only cost a few cents each to produce, compared to devices using other current techniques that cost anywhere from $1?$10 each. That's significant where resources are limited."
The biosensors would also be effective in situations where a large population must be screened quickly and inexpensively, such as for norovirus on cruise ships, the flu in schools and on college campuses, drug resistant bacteria in hospitals, and pathogens or toxins in emergency shelters following natural disasters.
"Paper-based swabs can also be used for chemical sensing," White adds. "This could include pesticide detection on produce, explosives detection, and field-based forensic analyses. We envision paper-based dipsticks for field testing of water for pollutants and waste products from hydraulic fracturing."
The NSF CAREER program fosters the career development of outstanding junior faculty, combining the support of research and education of the highest quality and in the broadest sense.
?Thanks to our colleague Faye Levine for this story.
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February 6, 2012
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